ABSTRACT
To investigate the frequency of CYP2D6*4 in Pakistani breast cancer patients for the first time and also investigate its association with tamoxifen induced hot flashes. A retrospective study carried out in Nuclear Medicine, Oncology and Radiotherapy Institute [NORI] Islamabad and Combined Military Hospital Rawalpindi [CMH]. Pre and postmenopausal breast cancer women who were advised 20mg/day of tamoxifen as adjuvant therapy were recruited for the study. The data from January 2000 to September 2013 was collected from the medical records of the outpatient breast cancer clinics. 232 women who fulfilled the eligibility criteria were initially recruited and their peripheral whole blood samples were taken. CYP2D6*4 was determined by using PCR-RFLP, allele*4 was not identified in 9 women and study was conducted on 223 women. None of the women died during the study period. Data of 223 women was analysed and the allele frequency of CYP2D6*1 was 86% and that of CYP2D6*4 was 14%. Women with CYP2D6*4/*4 did not experience mild to moderate or severe hot flashes as compared to women heterozygous or homozygous for wild type allele *1. The frequency of CYP2D6*4 allele in Pakistani breast cancer women is 14% which is comparable to the Caucasians moreover CYP2D6*4/*4 genotypes have lower incidence of hot flashes, but the results are not statistically significant
ABSTRACT
To find the association of various risk factors with breast cancer. It was a case-control study. The study was carried out in NORI Hospital Islamabad and Combined Military Hospital Rawalpindi between August, 2013 and February, 2014. Two hundred breast cancer patients and 200 control subjects were inducted. A short approved and planned questionnaire was used to collect data regarding basic demographic, menstrual and reproductive characteristics of participating females. Cases and controls were then interviewed after taking written consent. Breast cancer patients and control subjects did not differ regarding age [p = 0.15], early menarche [OR for menarche at <13 years vs. >/=13=1.3, 95% CI = 0.84 - 2.02], and history of breast cancer in 1st degree relatives did not increase breast cancer risk [OR = 1.0, 95% CI = 0.57- 1.74]. Nulliparous women had significantly higher risk than parous women [OR = 2.43, 95% CI = 1.22 - 4.84] and women with late menopause compared to women with early onset of menopause were also at higher risk for breast cancer [OR for menopause at >/= 50 vs. < 50 = 5.16, 95% CI = 2.59 - 10.29]. Nulliparity and menopausal age of more than 50 years was associated with increased breast cancer risk. Breastfeeding and age less than 25 years at first live birth was not protective against breast cancer